Exam5 Ch 18 Disorders of Blood Flow & Blood Pressure

auditory examination of the heart

• turbulent blood flow @ high BP associated w/irregularities, constriction, or dilation of any structure blood flows thru • most common cause is Rheumatic Fever

friction w/in pericardium caused by disruption of pericardial fluid

• chest pain during exertion, goes away after 5-10 mins of rest • caused by Ischemia (loss of blood flow to tissues)

irregular rhythm based on RATE • Wandering Pacemaker • Nodal Premature • Tachycardia • Bradycardia

SA node does not cue rest of the heart the way it should

premature beats generated by AV node

fast heartbeat more than 100/min

slow heartbeat less than 60/min

irregular rhythm based on FUNCTION • Atrial Fibrillation • Ventricular Fibrillation • Myocardial Infarction/Ischemia

flutter, no discernible P wave

• total erratic electrical activity • ventricle quivers but does not contract, no cardiac output • fatal unless treated w/immediate defibrillation

chest pain/angina

• block norepinephrine & epinephrine from bind to beta receptors on nerves to reduce BP • non-selective

decrease contractility, decrease heart rate, decrease conduction velocity

prevents renin from being released which prevents angiotension II from being produced and acting on heart to make it beat faster

• belongs to group of medicine called Nitrates • helps prevents angina attacks, but only treats symptoms • immediately causes vasodilation

• P-R segment greater in duration than 0.2 seconds • Bradycardia • caused by fxnl suppression of AV conduction

• larger & larger duration btwn P-R segment until no QRS response • caused by structural damage to conducting system

• independent atrial & ventricular rates - end point of either Mobitz I or Mobitz II AV block

• form of ateriosclerosis - soft deposits of intra-arterial fat & fibrin that harden over time

• abnormal localized dilation of a blood vessel - cyanosis, clammy sweat, altered heart rate

aneurysm bound by a complete vessel wall, blood remains w/in vascular compartment

• localized tear in inner wall of artery w/formation of an extravascular hematoma that causes vessel enlargement • usually caused by trauma