(Chapter 1.1) Genetics and biotech: DNA and the genetic code
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What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
True or False - Every organism has DNA
True
Who is credited for the discovery of DNA?
Watson and Crick
Which female made a significant contribution to DNA?
Rosalind Franklin
Define nucleic acid
Large biopolymers, macromolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses
Identify the main component(s) of a nucleotide
Nitrogenous base, 5-carbon-sugar, and phosphate group
Identify the nitrogenous bases in DNA
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine
Identify the pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA
Adenine - Thymine Cytosine - Guanine
Identify the nitrogenous bases that are classified as purines
Adenine and Guanine
Identify the nitrogenous bases that are classified as pyrimidine
Cytosine and Thymine
Why are adenine and guanine the 2 larger nitrogenous bases?
Adenine and guanine are the 2 larger nitrogenous bases as purines have a 2-ring structure
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
Identify the nitrogenous bases in RNA
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil
Identifying the pairing of nitrogenous bases in RNA
Adenine - Uracil Cytosine - Guanine
Define chromosome
A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells. Composed of a singular DNA molecule
Identify the structure of DNA
2 polynucleotides coiled around each other to form the famous double-helix
Define DNA
A polymer that consists of 2 polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form the famous double helix, carrying genetic instructions for organisms and various viruses
Identify 2 nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
Identify the number of pairs of chromosomes in an average human
23
True or False: The number of chromosomes is not necessarily an indication of organism complexity
True
True or False: The number of chromosomes is not necessarily an indication of organism complexity
True
Define gene
A unit of heredity, which is transferred to descendants, that determines a few characteristics of the descendant
Define karyotype
One’s complete set of chromosomes
Arrange the following structures in ascending order: Cell, Chromosome, Gene, Nucleic Acid, Nucleotide and Protein
Nucleotide, Nucleic Acid, Gene, Chromosome, Protein and Cell