Unit Five: Heredity- essential knowledge
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What is meisosis
process ensuring the formation of haploid gamete cells for sexual reproduction
What is the result of meisosis
four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
What are the sequential series of steps for meiosisis
meiosis I and meiosis II
How does mitosis and meiosis differ
mitosis- full chromosomes, two daughter cells meiosis- half chromosomes, four daughter cells
What does separation in meiosis I do
separates the homologous chromosomes to ensure each gamete receives a haploid set of chromosomes
What is recombination (aka crossing over)
exchange of genetic material from homologous chromatids to increase genetic diversity among the resulting gametes
What is the purpose of recombination and gamete formation in sexually reproducing organisms
increasing species variation
What does DNA and RNA do
carry genetic information
Where can Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment be applies
genes that are on different chromosomes
What is ertilization
fusion of two haploid gametes, completing chromosomal set
What are the laws of probability equation
If A and B are mutally exclusive- P(A or B)=P(A)+P(B) If A and B are independent- P(A and B)+P(A)xP(B)
How can genes adjacent and close to one another on the same chromosomes opperate
as genetically linked and segregate as a unit
How can sex-linked traits be tracked
analyzing the sex chromosomes and pedigrees
What is phenotypic plasticity
individuals with the genotypes exhibit different phenotypes in different environments
How can genetic variation result in populations
segregation, independent assortment of chromosomes, and fertilization