Thermodynamics
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What is pharmaceutics ?
Scientific and technological aspects of a dosage form , design and manufacture
What is the difference between a Drug and medicine ?
A drug is the active ingredient whereas the medicine is the active ingredient and formulation.
What does dosage form mean ?
How the drug is delivered eg tablet , syrup , patch
What are excipients ?
They make the medicine more safe and more effective to take
Examples of excipients
Sweeteners to makes the drug less bitter Coating to also make it less bitter Stabilisers so increased shelf life
What is the antonym to remember how the body affects the drug ?
ADME
What does A stand for ?
Absorption = it’s how quickly the drug can get into your bloodstream
What does the D stand for ?
Digestion
What does the M stand for ?
Metabolism - which is done by the liver
What does the E stand for ?
Excretion
What is the route of administration thigh the eye called and give me examples ?
Ocular Drops Contact lenses Ointments Implants
What is the route of administration thigh the ears called and give me examples ?
Otic Topical Intracochlear
What is the route of administration through the mouth called and give me examples ?
Oral Tablets Capsules Syrups Solutions
What is the route of administration through the nose called and give me examples ?
Nasal Drops Sprays
What is the route of administration through the skin called and give me examples ?
Topical Ointments Gel Cream Patches Micro needles Intravenous for injection
What is the route of administration through the breathe called and give me examples ?
Inhalation Liquid sprays Aerosols Dry powder
What does topical mean ?
Applied to a body site for local action only
What does systemic mean ?
The desired effect is achieved through the drug going to systemic circulation( through the heart )
Where are most drugs absorbed ?
In the small intestine
What is the most common route of administration ?
Oral
Process of oral administration so the site of target
Mouth - oesophagus- GI- liver - pulmonary circulation - systemic circulation- targeted site of action
Why is the GI tract beneficial in oral administration?
Maintains a concentration gradient which is important for highly absorbed drugs
What is the sublingual route ?
Tablet under the tongue
What is the buccal route ?
Tablet at your cheek