Applied Microbiology and Introduction to Haematology
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (20)
Name 3 different areas of study within the field of Haematology.
• Blood transfusion/ cross matching • Haemoglobin • Formed elements of blood
Anaemia is a disease studied in a routine Haematology laboratory. What is Anaemia?
• A decrease in red blood cells or the presence of abnormal red blood cells
Explain what is meant by the term Leukaemia.
• The increase in white blood cells
What is Haemopoiesis? What is Erythropoiesis?
Haemopoiesis: The production of the formed elements of blood (WBC, RBC and platelets) Erythtropoiesis: The production of RBC
What is the correct term for a decrease in neutrophils?
Neutropenia
Where does Haemopoiesis occur? Explain why you might have more than one answer!
In foetuses, it occurs in the liver, spleen, yolk sac and bone marrow, but in adults it only occurs in bone marrow
Describe the shape of a RBC. Why do RBCs have this shape?
• Biconcave disc • RBC has this shape for greater surface area to carry haemoglobin, rapid diffusion of gases, flexibility and to change in shape ad size
Discuss the significance of the RBC membrane.
• Contains lipids, proteins and carbohydrates • Aids in the flexibility and shape changing properties of RBC • Contains the antigens on the surface of RBC
List 3 Granulocytes that can be found in peripheral blood.
• Neutrophils • Basophils • Eosinophils
List each of the 5 WBC types found in peripheral blood and explain the features that help to identify each of them.
Neutrophils: - Monocytes: - Basophils: - Eosinophils: - Lymphocytes: -
What is the term used to describe variation in RBC size?
Anisocytosis
List 2 specific terms for abnormal RBC shapes and describe the RBC shape for each of these specific terms.
2 types of poikilocytosis: • Schistocytes : Irregular fragments of RBC with varying shapes • Elliptocytes: long and thin elliptical shaped RBCs
What is Polychromasia and what may it indicate?
• Polychromasia is the difference in colour of an RBC (many different colours) and can indicate an increased number of immature RBCs
What physiological processes do platelets have a role in?
• They help to prevent blood loss by forming clots
What does the term “Thrombocytopaenia” mean?
• A decreased number of platelets in the blood
What is the term for an increased number of Lymphocytes in the peripheral blood?
Lymphocytosis
Either of 2 principles can be used in Automated Cell Counting machines. What are these 2 principles?
• Electrical impedance - Light scatter
What blood cells can be manually counted using a Haemocytometer? (Can the chamber also be used to count anything else besides blood cells?)
• White blood cells, can also count RBCs
Different areas of a counting chamber are used for counting different types of blood cells. What areas are used for a manual WCC?
The WCC is carried out in the 4 larges squares on the corners of the counting chamber
Explain why WBC types should always be reported as Absolute Number and not Relative numbers following a Diff.
In order to determine the amount of each WBC in the blood, which can be compared to a reference range to determine whether the counts are within the normal range or not