Electrolysis
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What is electrolysis?
breakdown of an ionic compound (when molten or in aqueous solution) by passage of electricity
What is an electrolyte?
Aqueous solution of ionic substance or molten ionic salt
Why does an electrolyte conduct electricity?
Conducts electricity due to the presence of mobile ions
What are electrodes?
Rods which help current enter the electrolyte
What are the products formed from the electrolysis of Molten lead(II) bromide?
At cathode: lead At anode: bromine
What are the products formed from the electrolysis of Concentrated hydrochloric acid?
At cathode: Hydrogen At anode: chlorine
What are the products formed from the electrolysis of Concentrated aqueous sodium chloride?
At cathode: hydrogen At anode: chlorine
What is formed at the cathode?
Metal/Hydrogen
What is formed at the anode?
Non-metal/Oxygen (OH-)
What is electroplating?
Coating one metallic object with another metal using electrolysis
What are the materials needed for electroplating? (3)
Anode made of metal you want to electroplate object with Ions of same metal as anode in solution Object to be plated at cathode
What are the uses of electroplating? (3)
Improving metal appearance Galvanise Prevent corrosion
Why is aluminum used for electricity cables? (4)
Light Non-corrosive Good conductor Cheaper than copper
Why is copper used in electrical wiring? (2)
Good conductor Ductile
Why are plastics & ceramics used as insulators?
Don’t conduct electricity Conduct heat poorly
How is copper purified?
By using an impure copper anode and a pure copper cathode Using inert electrodes
What are the materials needed for the purification of copper with copper electrodes?
Anode: Impure copper Cathode: Pure copper Copper sulfate solution
What happens during electrolysis using copper electrodes?
the metal atoms at the anode lose electrons to form positive ions
What are the materials needed for the purification of copper with inert electrodes?
Inert anode: Graphite Inert cathode: Graphite Copper sulfate solution
What happens during electrolysis using inert electrodes?
Negative ions in the electrolyte lose electrons to anode
What happens at the anode?
Reduction of positive ions
What happens at the cathode?
Oxidation of negative ions
What is the main ore of aluminum?
Bauxite
What are the electrodes used in the extracting aluminum made of?
Carbon