Natural Selection and the Theory of Evolution Study Guide
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What can knowledge about an organism’s existence help scientists learn?
It can help scientists learn more about the ancestors of modern organisms by comparing their anatomies!
What do scientists use to visualize and analyze how different species are related?
Scientists use phylogeny to visualize and analyze how different species are related through common ancestry.
What does comparative anatomy allow scientists to observe?
It allows scientists to observe patterns over time in the similarities and differences between anatomical structures of different organisms!
What is the reason for similarities between early developmental stages of embryos?
The similarities are due to their common ancestry.
What does DNA provide for an organism?
DNA provides the instructions for what traits an organism will have.
What is the difference between selective breeding and natural selection?
In selective breeding, humans choose what traits are passed down, while in natural selection, the environment decides which traits are beneficial.
What are adaptations?
Adaptations are characteristics or behaviors that help plants or animals survive, selected by nature over several generations.
What is evolution?
Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations, relying on natural selection.
What are fossils?
Fossils are the preserved remains of plants and animals buried in sediments under ancient seas, lakes, and rivers.
What is a body fossil?
A body fossil is the preserved remains or hard parts of past organisms, including bones, teeth, shells, and other hard tissues.
What is a trace fossil?
A trace fossil is the preserved remnants of past animal activity, rather than the animal’s body parts themselves.
What does anatomy refer to?
Anatomy refers to the structure and organization of organisms.
What does the Law of Superposition state?
In an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layers are at the bottom, and the younger layers are at the top.
What is radiometric dating?
Radiometric dating is a method used to establish how old a fossil is by measuring the amount of unstable atoms the fossil contains.
What is a cladogram?
A cladogram is a diagram used to show relatedness between species.
What is a phylogenetic tree?
A phylogenetic tree is similar to a cladogram but shows evolutionary relationships over many generations more clearly and specifically.
What is phylogeny?
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
What is speciation?
Speciation is the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
What is divergent evolution?
Divergent evolution occurs when a common ancestor evolves into diverse species, with each species adapting to different environments.
What is convergent evolution?
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits in unrelated species, often due to similar environments.
What are homologous structures?
Homologous structures are similar anatomical features in different species that share a common ancestor.
What are analogous structures?
Analogous structures are features in different species that have similar functions but evolved independently.
What is an embryo?
An embryo is a stage of development where the basic body structure and organs start to form.
What is inheritance?
Inheritance is a trait or variant encoded in DNA and passed from parent to offspring during reproduction.