Bio essay : Respiration
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State first two points for Glycolysis
• Doesn’t require oxygen • Requires Dehydrogenase enzymes to remove H ions and electrons
Explain the following headings relating to Glycolysis - Energy Investment - Energy Payoff
• Energy Investment stage has 2 ATP molecules getting used to phosphorylate intermediates in the pathway • Energy Payoff has a net gain of 2 ATP as 4 ATP molecules get produced
First 3 points for the citric Acid Cycle
• Pyruvate is converted into acetyl group • Acetyl Group binds with Coenzyme A to become Acetyl Coenzyme A • Acetyl Coenzyme A then binds with Oxaloacelate to form citrate
State final 3 points in citric Acid Cycle
• Many enzyme controlled steps lead to regeneration of oxaloacelate from citrate which generates ATP • Carbon Dioxide is released • Dehydrogenase enzymes remove Hydrogen ions and electrons to make NADH to take them to the ETC
State first 3 points about the Electron Transport Chain
• The H ions + electrons in NADH are passed along the ETC to make it be NAD again • The electrons are then passed along the chain of proteins to release energy • that energy then pushes H ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane
State the last 2 points about the Electron Transport Chain
• The H ions then flow back through the membrane protein ATP Synthase causing it to turn and generate ATP • oxygen then binds with the H ions and electrons to form water and Oxygen is the final H receptor