International Organisations
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United Nations’ logo Signifies -
The emblem has a world map with olive branches around it, signifying world peace.
ineffectiveness of the United Nations Organisation, usually referred to as the UN, in
lebonon crisi 2006
“The United Nations was not created to take humanity to heaven, but to save it from hell.” who said this -
Dag Hammarskjold, the UN’s second Secretary-General.
“Talking shop? Yes, there are a lot of speeches and meetings at the U.N., especially during the annual sessions of the General Assembly. But as Churchill put it, jaw-jaw is better than war-war. Isn’t it better to have one place where all… countries in the world can get together, bore each other sometimes with their words rather than bore holes into each other on the battlefield?” —
— Shashi Tharoor, the former UN Under-SecretaryGeneral for Communications and Public Information.
Signing of the Atlantic Charter by the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British PM Winston S. Churchill
1941, august
26 Allied nations fighting against the Axis Powers meet in washington DC to support the Atlantic Charter and sign the ‘Declaration by United Nations’
1942 jan
Tehran Conference Declaration of the Three Powers (US, Britain and Soviet Union)
1943 DEC
Yalta Conference of the ‘Big Three’ (Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin) decides to organise a United Nations conference on the proposed world organisation
1945,FEB
The 2-month long United Nations Conference on International Organisation at San Francisco
1945 - [april and may]
Signing of the UN Charter by 50 nations (Poland signed on October 15; so the UN has 51 original founding members)
26 june 1945
: the UN was founded (hence October 24 is celebrated as UN Day
1945 October 24
India joins the UN
1945 October 30
league of nation was born but could not prevent second world war in The UN was founded as a successor to the League of Nations.
(1939-45).
By ………… the UN had 192 member states. These includeed almost all independent states. In the UN General Assembly, all members have one vote each.
2006 have five permnent members includes -the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France and China.
is the first Asian to hold the post since 1971 - as UN SECRETARY
• Ban Ki-Moon from South Korea. • He is the eighth Secretary-General of the UN. • Took office in 1 January 2007.
Present IN SECRETARY
António Guterres, who has been serving as the secretary-general of the United Nations since 1 January 2017
PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF UN -
The UNO has six principal organs: The General Assembly (GA): The Security Council (SC): The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): The International Court of Justice (ICJ) The Secretariat
REFORMS IN UN
• reform of the organisation’s structures and processes. • review of the issues that fall within the jurisdiction of the organisation. there are proposals to increase membership from Asia, Africa and South America. Beyond this, the US and other Western countries want improvements in the UN’s budgetary procedures and its administration.
. In 1992, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution. The resolution reflected three main complaints:
• The Security Council no longer represents contemporary political realities. • Its decisions reflect only Western values and interests and are dominated by a few powers. • It lacks equitable representation.
WHEN DID INQUIRY STARTED IN ORDER TO - THREE COMPLAINTS OF 1992 RESOLUTION
restructuring of the UN, on 1 January 1997, the UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
. A new member, it has been suggested, should be:
• A major economic power • A major military power • A substantial contributor to the UN budget • A big nation in terms of its population • A nation that respects democracy and human rights • A country that would make the Council more representative of the world’s diversity in terms of geography, economic systems, and culture.
ACTION TAKEN IN - 2005 UN ANNIVERSARY
• Establishment of a Human Rights Council (operational since 19 June 2006) • Creation of a Democracy Fund • An agreement to wind up the Trusteeship Council - 2005 • Creation of a Peacebuilding Commission
membership of the UN Security Council was expanded from 11 to 15 in
1965
SUPORT INDIA - A PERMANENT MEMBER
Brazil, Germany, Japan, perhaps even South Africa. G4 [BRAZIL GERMANY JAPAN AND INDIA ] ** US is considerable. As the single largest contributor to the UN, the US has unmatched financial power**