Unit 3: Metabolism Keyterms

Enzyme: are globular proteins that act as a catalysts EX: amylase Catalyst substances that increase the rate of reaction without permanently changing themselves

Metabolism: - a complex network of interdependent and interacting enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions in living things Note: metabolism can be anabolic or catabolic Substrate: A molecule that the enzyme reacts with

Anabolism: Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules that requires energy EX: protein synthesis Catabolism: Breakdown of the complex into simpler molecules and outputs energy EX: hydrolysis of macromolecules

Active site: region of enzyme where the substrate binds and is catalyzed Enzyme-substrate complex: the temporary molecule formed when the substrate binds to the enzyme

Activation Energy: amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur Induced Fit Model: a model proposing that enzyme-substrate complexes causes a change in enzyme shape to enhance of inhibit activity

Enzyme-substrate specificity: Ability of the substrate to bind to the specific enzymes Endotherms: animals that maintain a constant body temperature which is independent of ambient temperature

Intracellular Enzyme: enzymes which are active in the cell EX: Processes like glycolysis or krebs cycle Extracellular Enzyme: enzymes which are active outside the cell EX: Processes like digestion

Enzyme Inhibitors: chemicals that can bind to the enzyme to stop or slow down the activity of the enzyme Competitive Inhibitors: are chemicals that inhibit the enzyme by binding to the active site EX: Arsenic

Non-competitive inhibitors: are chemicals that inhibit the enzyme by binding to the allosteric site EX: Cyanide Allosteric site: a site where a chemical can bind that Is not the active site

Mechanism based inhibition: are competitive inhibitors that permanently bind and covalently bond to the active site End product inhibition: The last product of a biochemical path way I s a non competitive inhibitor of the first allosteric enzyme