Circulatory system
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What is the purpose of the circulatory system?
-A transport system that carries useful substances to cells -Removes waste from cells
Where does the heart muscle get its blood from?
-The coronary artery
What protects the heart, and how big is it?
-It’s are protected by the breastbone -It’s the size of your fist
Why are ventricles walls thicker than arteries?
-To withstand pressure from the blood pumped out of the heart at high pressure
What is the septum?
-A thick wall that separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. (Left and right side of the heart)
What is the function of the valves?
-Prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction
What are the 4 valves in the heart?
-Tricuspid valve -Pulmonary valve -Mitral valve -Aortic Valve
What are arteries?
-Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart -Blood is carried under high pressure due to the heart’s strong contractions -They have a thick muscular wall surrounding a small lumen
What are veins?
-Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart -Carry blood at low pressure -Thin muscular wall surrounds a large lumen
What are capillaries?
-Tiny vessels that link veins and arteries -Reach every part of the body -Carry blood at low pressure -Wall is one cell layer thick- allows gases to diffuse through them -Oxygen and nutrients diffuse out; waste and carbon dioxide diffuse in
What is the composition of blood?
-55% plasma -45% Red blood cells (erythrocytes) -Less than 1% white blood cells (Leucocytes) -Less than 1% Platelets (Thrombocytes)
What is Plasma?
-A pale yellow liquid (90% water) -It transports nutrients (Glucose and amino acids -Also transports: Waste products, blood proteins, dissolved gases, antibodies
What are red blood cells? (Erythrocytes)
-Bi-conave cells (Shape) -They carry oxygen -Live up to 120 days -New cells formed in the red bone marrow of long bones -Carries pigment called haemoglobin (Combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin)
What are white blood cells? (Leucocytes)
-Large irregular- shaped cells -Contain large nucleus -Can leave blood vessels to invade diseased tissue -They defend the body against diseases (They form part of the immune system)
What are platelets (Thrombocytes)
-Fragments of blood cells that help clot blood -They form platelet plugs at the site of wounds -When the plug dries it forms a scab
What is cholesterol
-Fatty substances found in animal-based foods -Fat builds up inside blood vessels (Plaque) -Plaque restricts blood flow (Puts strain on the heart) -Exercise strengthens the heart and gets rid of fat -Can be prevented by exercising, reducing salt in the diet, and controlling stress
What are heart diseases
-Some poisonous substances cause arteries to narrow -Forces the heart to work harder (increases blood pressure) -Leads to a weaker heart
What are heart attacks
-The coronary artery gets blocked -The heart muscle doesn’t receive enough oxygen and glucose -Causes the heart muscle to die