Transition metals NOT FROM QUIZLET
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What is the definition of a transition element? (1)
Forms at least one stable ion with a partially filled d-subshell
What are the 4 characteristics required for a transiiton metal
*complex formation *formation of coloured ions *variable oxidation state *catalytic activity
What are the two elements in the transition metals that dont folow the rules of the sub shell stuff
Chromium and Copper they only partially fill the 4S orbital and go to fill the 3d orbital sraight fater
Why is zinc not a transition metal?
Zinc can only form a +2 ion. In this ion the Zn2+ has a complete d orbital and so does not meet the criteria of having an incomplete d orbital in atom or ion form.
What does complex mean
: is a central metal ion surrounded by ligands
What is a ligand
A molecule or ion that forms a coordinate bond with a transition metal
What is coordinate bondig
Co-ordinate bonding is when the shared pair of electrons in the covalent bond come from only one of the bonding atoms.
What is the coordination number
the number of co-ordinate bonds formed to a central metal ion.
What is mono,bi and multi dentate
Mono is 1 Bi is two Multi is alot Dentate is how many coordinate bonds they form
What is the coordination number for a linear complex? (1)
2
What is an example of a linear complex? (1)
Ag⁺ complexes.
What is the coordination number for a square planar complex? (1)
4
What are examples of square planar complexes? (1)
Pt²⁺ and Ni²⁺ complexes.
What is the coordination number for a tetrahedral complex? (1)
4
When do tetrahedral complexes form? (1)
When ligands are too big to fit six (e.g., Cl⁻).
What is the coordination number for an octahedral complex? (1)
6
When do octahedral complexes form? (1)
Most complexes with small ligands (e.g., H₂O and NH₃).
Give examples of monodentate ligands. (5)
H₂O, NH₃, Cl⁻, CN⁻, OH⁻
Why are H₂O and NH₃ similar as monodentate ligands? (1)
They are very similar in size and are both neutral, so the overall charge on the complex is the same as the charge on the metal ion.
What is the effect of monodentate ligands such as Cl⁻, CN⁻, and OH⁻ on the charge of the complex ion? (1)
They have negative charges, so the overall complex ion charge will be a combination of these and the charge on the metal ion.
are the ligands NH3 and H2O similar?
Yes NH3 and H2O are similar in size and are uncharged.
Show the subsitituon reaction of 6H20 + 4NH3 in copper
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4NH3 (aq) –> [Cu(NH3)4 (H2O)2]2+ + 4H2O (l
Why can the Cl- ligand replace H2O or NH3
The Clligand is larger than the uncharged H2O and NH3 ligands so therefore ligand exchange can involve a change of co-ordination number.
What does solid copper chloride form when dissolved in water
Chloride (or any other metal) is dissolved in water it forms the aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+ complex and not the chloride [CuCl4]2- complex.