Physiology 1 CVS
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What does the cardiovascular system compose of
Heart and blood vessels
Why do we need a cardiovascular system
Temperature regulation Transport of nutrients Pumps blood through lungs + carry oxygen Human reproduction
What is passive diffusion
Movement of particles down a conc. gradient that doesn’t require energy
What is systole and diastole
systole - contraction diastole - relaxation
What is the typical resting blood pressure
120(systolic)/80(diastolic) mmHg
what is the formula for calculating cardiac output
Cardiac output=Heart rate x Stroke volume
How to calculate blood flow
(Artery pressure - Vein pressure)/ Resistance
5What are the 4 main functional groups of blood vessels
Arterioles Arteries Venules and Veins Capillaries
What do arterioles do
control arterial BP and regulate local blood flow
What do venules and veins do
Control filling pressure of the heart and provide a reservoir of blood
What do arteries do
Accommodate stroke volume and convert ejection into continuous flow
What do capillaries do
Nutrient delivery to cells tissue water and lymph formation removal of metabolic waste
Why does blood slow down in capillaries
Capillaries are made of a million small vessels so velocity is slower allowing gaseous/nutrient exchange
How do you calculate Blood velocity
Blood flow/TOTAL cross sectional area
What is the Sinoatrial node (SA node)
The SA node is a group of cells located in the wall of the right atrium that spontaneously produces action potential that moves through the heart
What is the atrioventricular node (AV node)
Part of the electrical conduction system; delays electrical impulses between atria and ventricles so atria can fill ventricles before ventricular contraction.
Name and describe the phases in the SA node pacemaker potentials
Phase 4 - slow influx of Na+ (prepotential) Phase 0 - Rapid influx of Ca2+ (depolarisation) Phase 3 - efflux of K+ and Ca2+ channels close (Repolarisation)
Name and describe the atrial and ventricular muscle action potentials
Phase 0 - rapid depolarisation (Na+ open) Phase 1- early repolarisation Phase 2 - plateau phase (Ca2+ fully open) Phase 3 - rapid repolarisation(Ca2+ close) Phase 4 - resting phase (Na+/K+ pump=stable)
cwhat happens in stage 1 of electrical conduction through the heart
Electrical activity generates in the SA node spreads out via gap junction into atria
what happens in stage 2 of electrical conduction through the heart
At the AV node conduction is delayed to allow correct filling of ventricles
what happens in stage 3 of electrical conduction through the heart
Conduction occurs rapidly through bundle of His into ventricles
what happens in stage 4 of electrical conduction through the heart
Conduction through Purkinje fibres spreads quickly throughout ventricles and ventricle contraction occurs, beginning at the apex.
what happens during cardiac diastole
Relaxation of all the heart muscles and blood flows into the heart
What happens during atrial systole
Atria contract pushing blood into relaxed ventricles