exam 1 (from ppt)

• small • no internal organelles • cell wall • reproduce rapidly • most diverse and numerous cells

• larger • contain membrane-enclosed organelles

• site of transcription • enclosed by a double membrane • houses DNA

• converts sugars into energy using cellular respiration • intrinsically associated with apoptosis • contains its own DNA • thought to be derived from symbiotic bacteria • enclosed by a double membrane

• contains its own DNA • thought to be derived from symbiotic bacteria • carries out photosynthesis • contains chlorophyll

• site of synthesis of proteins and lipids • site of synthesis for materials secreted from the cell

• modifies and packages molecules and sorts them for transport

• acidic organelles specialized for the digestion/recycling of unwanted materials • exclusive to animal cells

• provide an enclosed environment for the oxidation of toxic molecules in the cell

• small compartments that traffic molecules to and from the membrane

• the import of materials from the outside of the cell to the inside of the cell

• the export of materials from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell

• large vesicle comprising 90% of the cells volume • storage compartment • site of digestion of materials • important for water balance

• water based material that makes up the cell that is not an organelle • site of the initial breakdown of nutrients and a site of protein synthesis

• a series of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments • mechanical strength for the cell • facilitates cell movements

• bond resulting from the equal sharing of electrons

• when only two electrons are shared between two atoms

• when four electrons are shared between two atoms

• bond resulting from the unequal sharing of electrons

• electrostatic interactions between partially positive hydrogen and partially negative oxygen

• complete gain and loss of electrons • mutual needs of atoms are met by transferring electrons from one atom to another

• strongest type of bond

• covalent bonds of organic molecules are broken by _____.

• _____% of a cell is comprised of water