chapter three

fundamental component that makes a cell a cell, defines inside of cell from outside of cell, tissues that line a cavity, separate the cellular interior from extracellular environment

physical barrier, gateway for exchange, communication, cell structure

separates intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

regulates exchange between intracellular compartments and interstitial fluid

signals surrounding cells and senses extracellular environment

anchor cytoskeleton, form tissues

non-polar molecules (fatty acids, vitamins A, D, E, K, steroids), oxygen, carbon dioxide, water

ions (sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen), polar molecules (polysaccharides, amino acids, glucose, nucleic acids)

polar

any protein that is physically embedded in the membrane

all transmembrane proteins are integral, but not all integral are transmembrane

not integral, not transmembrane, closely associated with the membrane but not embedded in membrane

human cells

on the inside with organelles

cell is made of many different components

the semi-liquid portion of the cytoplasm not occupied by organelles

the interior of a cell other than the nucleus

internal organelle that contains the genetic material for cellular reproduction

“powerhouse of the cell”; a double-membrane organelle that produces the ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (membrane bound structure)

flat series of membrane layers that specializes in secretion of substances

has ribosomes on the surface for protein synthesis, molecules enter ER and are packed for secretion from the cell (neurotransmitter & hormones) (make & secrete proteins)

no ribosomes, used for sorting of molecules, specializes in lipid synthesis, calcium storage, makes lipids (steroids)

set of flat, stacked, membranous sacs that process raw material transported from the ER into finished products, sorts and directs the finished product to their final destination

lysosomes, peroxisomes, transport vesicles