Cardiovascular and Respiratory System
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solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
semipermiable
Only certain substances can pass through
solution
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
net (movement)
overall movement
concentration
A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent
concentration gradient
A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.
alveoli
tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood
diaphragm
Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing
diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
cellular respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Trachea
Allows air to pass to and from lungs
gas exchange
the process of obtaining oxygen from the environment and releasing carbon dioxide
oxygenated blood
blood carrying oxygen
deoxygenated blood
blood carrying little or no oxygen
pulmonary vien
The only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood. Carries blood from the lungs to the heart
vena cava
largest vein in the body
aorta
Largest artery in the body
pulmonary artery
artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
artery
A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. Thick elastic walls, usually contains oxygenated blood
vein
A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. Contain valves, usually contain deoxygented blood
capillary
Site of gas exchange, one cell thick in diameter, very thin walls.
plasma
Liquid part of blood. 50-60% of blood volume
White blood cells
Defend body against infection and disease. Contain a nucleus, largest blood cells and make up 2% of blood volume.