Marine ecology
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What is ecology?
the study of how organisms interact with their environment and how different factors affect individuals of different species.
what is a species?
a group of organisms that can bread together and produce fertile offspring.
what is a hybrid?
an animal produced from the breading of two different species; they are rarely fertile.
what is a community?
a community is the sum of all the populations of all the different species in a specific area at certain time.
what is a population?
a population is the number of organisms that belongs to a signal species in living in a specific area at the same time.
what is a habitat?
a habitat is the physical area that an organism lives in and where it interacts with its environment and other organisms.
what is the environment?
the environment is the external surroundings of an organism or population. it is the sum of all the factors that surround an organism and affect its life.
describe abiotic factors.
the non-living physical and chemical factors that affect an organism in its environment.
describe biotic factors.
the living factors that affect an organism in its environment.
what is wholphin?
a rare hybrid animal produced from the mating of the common bottle nosed dolphin with a false killer whale (a different species of dolphin).
name 5 abiotic factors that may affect an organism.
salinity, pressure, light intensity, acidity, exposure to air, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, current speed and wind speed.
name the 4 key biotic factors that may affect an organism.
Food supply, disease, competition from other organisms, and predation.
where are open ocean ecosystems located?
open ocean ecosystems are located far away continental slope or shelf.
what is the neritic zone
the area above the continental shelf.
what is the pelagic zone?
the column of ocean water almost to the sea bed.
what is the benthic zone?
the seabed and the water just above it.
name some of the abiotic factors that affect the sunlight zone.
high light intensity high oxygen levels low pressure variable temperature.
name some of the biotic factors that affect the sunlight zone.
CONSUMERS (e.g. zooplankton) PRODUCERS (e.g. phytoplankton) CAMOUFLAGE
name some abiotic factors that affect the twilight zone.
low light intensity lower oxygen levels high pressure stable temperature.
name some biotic factors that affect the twilight zone.
organisms must feed on marine snow or migrate vertically to the sunlight zone organisms must be adapted to high pressure environments bioluminescences
what is bioluminescences?
a chemical reaction that creates light
what is bioluminescences used for by marine organisms?
can be used to attract mates and pray.
what is the biggest bioluminescent fish?
the kitefin shark
name some abiotic factors that affect the midnight zone.
no light low oxygen levels VERY high pressure stable temperature.