non oxygenated
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What is the purpose of converting Pyruvate to Lactate in animal muscle cells?
To re-oxidize/regenerate NAD. This allows Glycolysis to continue producing a small amount of ATP (2 molecules) even when oxygen is absent.
Describe the chemical change from Pyruvate to Lactate.
Pyruvate is reduced This is catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.
Is Lactic Acid fermentation reversible? How?
Yes. When oxygen becomes available again, Lactate is transported to the liver and converted back into Pyruvate. It then enters the Link Reaction or is converted to glucose/glycogen. This requirement for oxygen is called the Oxygen Debt.
How does the anaerobic pathway in plants/yeast differ from animals?
pyruvate decarbondated to ethanal ethanal reduced (gains H from reduced NAD) to ethanol
Is Alcoholic Fermentation reversible?
No cannot be converted back to pyruvate if ethanol conc builds up too high it becomes toxic and kills the cells
does decarboxylation happen in animals
no
does decarboxylation happen in plants / yeast
yes
how many steps in animals
1 step pyruvate –> lactate
how many steps in plants / yeast
2 step Pyruvate –> ethanal –> ethanol
enzyme involved in animals
lactate dehydrogenase
enzyme involved in plants / yeast
pyruvate decarboxylase & ethanol dehydrogenase
is the lactate fermentation reversible
yes lactate –> glycogen in liver
is the ethanol fermentation reversible
no ethanol is a waste product