Chapter 11 Basic Concepts Organic Chemsitry

The study of carbon compounds. It was originally the study of compounds derived from living systems

A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties, and the same functional group, with each successive member differing by CH2

An atom or group of atoms which are responsible for a compounds chemical properties

A compound contains only C-C bonds

A compound that does not only contain single bonds between carbon atoms, including at least one Carbon double or triple bond

It can form four covalent bonds It can bond to itself It can form single, double and triple bonds

Find the longest chain Identify substituent chains and functional groups Highest priority at end Number from the highest priority and lowest numbers used

4-Bromo-2-Methyl-Pentanoic Acid

Highest: Carboxylic Acids Esters Amides Nitriles Aldehydes Ketones Alcohols Amines Alkyne Alkene Alkane Ethers Haloalkanes

Contains a Benzene ring

Aliphatic- Contains C-C branched or unbranched, or in non aromatic rings Alicyclic- C-C in a ring, with or without branches, but not aromatic

Aliphatic and Alicyclic Not aromatic

Aromatic- Contains a benzene ring

Molecular- Show number and type of atoms in a compound Empirical- Simplest whole number ratio of the elements in a compound

Each end is CH3 Each point in CH2 unless bonded to another atom Work out number of hydrogens

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Chain- Carbon chain arranged differently (messing with methyl’s…) Positional- Changing the position of the functional group Functional- Changing the function group

When each atom in a covalent bond takes one of the electrons from the electron pair when the covalent bond breaks, producing two radicals

One atoms takes both electrons from a covalent bonds when it breaks, producing an anion and cation

The movement of an electron pair

A species with an unpaired electron

When two reactants join together to form one larger product

When one (group of) atom(s) replaces another (group of) atom(s) in a compound