health care waste management
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What percentage of health care facilities had adequate waste disposal systems in 2015, according to WHO/UNICEF?
only 58% of sampled facilities from 24 countries
what are healthcare wastes
solid or liquid medical wastes generated by: Diagnosis, treatment, immunization (DTI) Human DTI research Animal research for human health Production/testing of biological products Other health facility activities
According to WHO, what percent of health care waste is non-hazardous?
75–90% is non-hazardous only 10–25% is hazardous (infectious, toxic, or radioactive)
high income countries - produce ____ of hazardous waste low income countries - produce ____ of hazardous waste
0.5kg 0.2kg
true or false proper segregation of hazardous and non hazardous waste in low income countries tends to be the less implemented, thus making the real quantity of hazardous waste much higher
true
identify the category of health care waste: that can cause cuts, pricks or puncture wounds
sharps *it is considered the most dangerous health care waste
identify the category of health care waste: expired, split and contaminated pharmaceutical products, drugs and vaccine
pharmaceutical waste examples: Empty drug vials Medicine bottles Syringes/needles with cytotoxic drugs
identify the category of health care waste: discarded chemicals (solid, liquid or gaseous) generated during disinfection and sterilization procedures.
chemical waste
identify the category of health care waste: refers to waste exposed to radionuclides including radioactive diagnostic materials or radiotherapeutic
radioactive waste examples: Co-90, Tc-99, I-131, Ir-192 Irradiated blood products Patient’s excretion (within 48 hrs) Contaminated materials from nuclear medicine
identify the category of health care waste: waste that have not been in contact with communicable or infectious agents, hazardous chemicals or radioactive substances
general waste/ non hazardous - not contaminated with infectious agents or hazardous substances examples: Office waste Paper, plastic bottles Leftover food from non-infectious patients subtype of non-hazardous waste: a. Recyclable b. Biodegradable (e.g. leftover food) c. Non-recyclable/non-biodegradable (e.g., packaging materials)
identify the category of health care waste: tissue sections and body fluids or organs derived from biopsies, autopsies or surgical procedures sent to the lab for examination
pathological and anatomical waste
identify the category of health care waste: it refers to all waste suspected to contain pathogens or toxins in sufficient concentration that may cause disease to a susceptible host
infectious waste
it is considered the most dangerous health care waste
sharps
true or false treatment and disposal of healthcare waste may pose health risks directly through the release of pathogens and toxics pollutants into the environment
false - indirectly
which disposal of health care is not allowed in Philippines
incineration
this is the most important step in proper management of healthcare wastes
green procurement policy
safely reusing, recycling and recovering waste are collectively termed as
resources development
it refers to either finding a new application for a used material or using the same product for the same application repeatedly
reusing
it refers to the processing of used materials into new products
recycling
recovery of waste can be defined in 2 ways:
energy recovery recycling , composting and energy recovery
what color is the bin for - infectious waste - pathological and anatomical waste - sharps - chemical waste - pharmaceutical waste - radioactive waste - general waste
infectious waste - yellow pathological and anatomical waste - yellow sharps - red chemical waste - yellow pharmaceutical waste - yellow radioactive waste - orange general waste - green
true or false highly infectious waste may or may not be defected at source
false - must infectious waste like: Microbial cultures Infected dressings Sputum cups, blood bags Urine/blood/vomit with pathogens Food waste from infectious patients
how should anatomical waste including recognizable body parts, placenta waste and organs be disposed
through safe burial or cremation
true or false anatomical waste must be refrigerated if not collected or treated within 24 hours
false - pathological waste