Transport Systems
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Do all unicellular organisms need a transport system
No as via the use of active transport diffusion and osmosis unicellular organisms carry out exchange of gases, excretion and absorption of METABOLIC waste and NURIENTS respectively DIRECTLY FROM THEIR SURROUNDINGS
Do multicellular organisms need a transport system?
Yes in order for necessary functions to be carried out simultaneously which is possible by the division of labour
What is division of labour?
The idea or each type of cell, tissue and organ and system to perform 1 or a few specialised specific functions for body to carry out necessary functions
Where do plants obtain nutrients and water/minerals from?
• Photosynthesis occurring MAINLY at leaves • Absorption of water and mineral salts via specialised cells in root
What do plant transport systems do with nurients and minerals?
Distribute these water and minerals and nutrients throughout entire plant as it is needed not just by the roots and leaves of the plant but also by the rest of the parts of the plant
How does the human body gain nutrients?
Ingesting food, then digesting it and then absorbing the nutrients from the bolus [ food ] at the ileum
So why is a transport system necessary in transportation of nutrients in humans ?
Important as to carry nutrients from digestive system to various cell tissues and organs for daily bodily functions to be carried out
How is oxygen gas distributed in humans?
Distributed to all parts of body after transportation from lungs to all parts of the body via bloodstream
How does oxygen gas reach to our lungs from surroundings
Through our respiratory tract: Oxygen gas enters our nostrils | Heads to trachea | From trachea it is sent to bronchi and then to the bronchioles | Finally reaching our lungs
How does human body remove waste [ gaseous ]
Carbon dioxide which is produced by cells during respiration is then transported from sites of production to lungs for removal from body.
How do humans remove solid waste
Via egestion which is the process of solidified undigested food which is known as faces is egested for our body via the anus
What happens in the circulatory system in humans
• Nutrients and waste are transported via blood vessels containing blood around the body
What makes up the human circulatory system
Heart + blood + blood vessels = HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
What 4 components are found in our blood?
• Plasma [new] • Red blood cells • White blood cells [new] • Platelets [new]
What is plasma
Pale yellowish liquid part of the blood
What does plasma consist of?
• 90% water • Dissolved proteins like antibodies and hormones • Enzymes • Dissolved mineral salts, nutrients and waste material
What is a red blood cell
Most numerous type of cell in human body transporting oxygen from lungs to all parts of body
Why are there so many red blood cells?
More red blood cells allow higher volume of oxygen gas to be transported from lungs to rest of the body for cellular respiration to be carried out quicker resulting in faster energy generation for daily activites
Red blood cell structural adaptations and how they help it
• No nucleus for more space for oxygen to be stored • Contains heemoglobin which is red pigment binding oxygen • Biconcave shape for greater surface area to volume ratio resulting in faster diffusion of oxygen • Flexible cell membrane to squeeze through narrow cell membrane
What are white blood cells and what do they do?
White blood cells are smaller in number larger in size that rbc Plays supportive function in bodies immune system
What are the types of white blood cells
Lymphocyte: big nucleus, antibody production Phagocyte: irregular shape nucleus, destroy foreign particles
What are platelets?
Remnants of worn out cells
What do platelets do
Trigger blood clotting in response to tissue damage
What is a blood clot
Rbc tangles in insoluble fibrous protein fibrin