Acylation of Benzene
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Name the two types of Friedel - Crafts reactions
Alkylation and acylation
What is Friedel - Crafts acylation used for?
To add acyl groups (-COR) to a benzene ring
Why are Friedel - Crafts reactions important industrially? (man. P,D,P)
Used in the manufacture of plastics, detergents and petrol
What is meant by acylation?
Substitution of an acyl group into another molecule
What reagents are used in Friedel - Crafts acylation?
Acyl chloride with anhydrous aluminium chloride (AlCl₃)
Why must aluminium chloride be anhydrous? (H2O free)
It is deactivated by water, so must be water free
What type of mechanism occurs in Friedel - Crafts acylation?
Electrophilic substitution
Electrophile in Freidel - Crafts acylation?
Acylium ion, R–CO⁺
How is the acylium ion (R–CO⁺) formed?
Acyl chlorides react with AlCl₃ to form R–CO⁺
Write the equation for the formation of the acylium ion using ethanoyl chloride
AlCl₃ + CH₃COCl → CH₃CO⁺ + AlCl₄⁻
What group does an acyl chloride provide in this reaction?
The RCO group
What happens to aluminium chloride during the reaction?
It forms AlCl₄⁻ during electrophile formation
Draw and name this compound CH3COCl
ethanoyl chloride
Outline the mechanism for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride with benzene, name the product formed
phenyl ethanone