DNA And RNA
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What are the 2 nucleic acids ?
Deoxyribonucleic acid Ribonucleic acid
What is Deoxyribonucleic acid known as ?
The storage molecule
What is Ribonucleic acid known as ?
The working molecule
What did friedruch miescher in 1869 discover?
Isolated nuclein from white blood cell nuclei First identified nucleic acids No idea of its function
What did Erin chargaff of 1950 discover ?
Chargaffs rule was that A bonded to H and C bonded to G Key clue to base pairing Disproved tetranucleiotude hypothesis which was that DNA existed as repeating units of 4
What did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins discover in 1952?
X ray crystallography of DNA And the crucial evidence that’s shows the helical structure
What did Watson and crick oppose in 1952 ?
Double helix model based on Rosalind Franklin model
What does the DNA store ?
Genetic information for the entire organism and contains instructions on how to make proteins
Where is the DNA stored ?
Must be stable and protected in the nucleus
What is the function of RNA ?
Carries messages from DNA to make proteins (MRNA) Helps build proteins ( TRNA , RRNA ) Helps regulate which genes are used
Why is RNA temporary?
It’s made when needed but broken down after
Similarities and differences between DNA and RNA ?
DNA is permanent storage whereas RNA is temporary DNA makes RNA whereas RNA mates proteins
What does a nucleotide consist of ?
Pentose sugar ( as 5 carbons ) Phosphate group Nitrogenous base
What is the point of the phosphate group?
Provides a negative charge
What’s the point of a nitrogenous base ?
It contains genetic information
What’s the difference between the pentose sugar in ribose and deoxyribose sugar ?
Numbered from 1 prime to 5 prime from right to left The 2nd and 3rd carbon in ribose sugar both have a OH group whereas the 2nd carbon in the deoxyribose sugar has a H instead of OH so 1 OH
Why is the missing oxygen in deoxyribose sugar important?
A hydrogen instead of hydroxyl means that DNA is more stable
What is a pyrimidine?
Single ring structure
What is a purine ?
It’s a double ring structure
What is a nucleoside ?
It has a sugar, nitrogenous base BUT NO phosphate group
What ate the 3 properties of a the sugar phosphate backbone ?
Negatively charged Relatively rigid Hydrophilic exterior
How would you describe the double helix structure ?
Two antiparallel strands in opposite directions 5 prime to 3 prime Bases inside Pentose sugar and phosphate group face outwards Right handed helix
What is the major groove ?
Big difference in between groups ( one whole spin )
What’s the minor groove ?
Small difference ( curve ) in DNA double helix