Chapter 5 Electrons and Bonding
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What is a shell
A shell is an energy level, comprised of sub shells called s p d f. The shell number is called the principal quantum number ‘n’
What is an Atomic Orbital
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins
What shape are s orbitals
The electron cloud is within the shape of a sphere
As the shell number ‘n’ increases, what happens to the radius of its s-orbital
It increases
What shape are p orbitals
Dumb-bell There 3 orbitals at right angles to eachother
How many electrons can fit in s orbitals
2
How many electrons can fit in p orbitals
6
How many electrons can fit in d orbitals
10
How many electrons can fit in f orbitals
14
How many electrons can fit inside shell n=1
2
How many electrons can fit in shell n=2
8
How many electrons can fit in shell n=3
18
How many electrons can fit in shell n=4
32
What is the electron configuration From 1s to 4f
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 4d 4f
What is the electron configuration From 1s to 4f with the number of electrons in each sub-shell
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴
How many s-orbitals are there in each shell from n = 1 onwards
1
How many p-orbitals are there in each shell from n = 2 onwards
3
When overlaped on to 1 diagram, why do the 3, p orbitals extend out further than the nucleus
They have a slightly higher energy
How many d-orbitals are there in each shell from n = 3 onwards
5
How many f-orbitals are there in each shell from n = 4 onwards
7
Which sub-shells are present in shell n = 1
1s
Which sub-shells are present in shell n = 2
2s + 2p
Which sub-shells are present in shell n = 3
3s + 3p + 3d
Which sub-shells are present in shell n = 4
4s + 4p + 4d + 4f