Chemistry/Biochemistry Vocabulary
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Gas
No definite shape, no definite volume
Liquid
No definite shape, definite volume
Solid
Definite shape, definite volume
Atom
The smallest particle of matter
Proton
The positive charged part of an atom’s nucleus
Neutron
The neutral charged part of an atom’s nucleus
Electron
The negative charged particle that orbits an atom’s nucleus
Ion
An atom that has lost or gained an electron
Ionic bond
Two or more molecules held together because of the opposite charges of the ions - A weak bond
Covalent bond
Two or more molecules held together due to the sharing of electrons - A strong bond
Compound
A substance that is held together with ionic bonds
Molecule
A substance that is held together with covalent bonds
Chemical formula
The chemical symbols of a substance - H2NO4
Chemical equation
The reactants and products of a chemical reaction
pH
The measure of the strength of an acid or base.
Synthesis reaction
An chemical reaction that makes a new substance from two or more different substances: A+B –> C
Decomposition reaction
A chemical reaction that breaks down on substance into two or more different substances: C–> A+B
Exchange reaction
A chemical reaction that exchanges parts of one substance with parts of another: AB + CD –> AD + CB
Law of conservation of mass
Mass cannot be created or destroyed
Law of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Acid
A substance that measures below seven on the pH scale
Base
A substance that measures above seven on the pH scale
Element
The smallest unit of pure matter
Heterogeneous
A mixture with more than one type substance