Unit 1.8
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What happens in the absence of oxygen in the mitochondria?
Pyruvate is unable to be broken down to acetyl and neither the citric acid cycle or the ETC can operate
What happens to muscle cells during vigorous exercise?
They do not get enough oxygen to support the ETC
When muscle cells do not get enough oxygen, what does pyruvate convert into?
Lactate
What is involved in the conversion of pyruvate to lactate?
Hydrogen from NADH (produced during glycolysis) to pyruvate to produce lactate
What is regenerated and why after pyruvate converts to lactate?
ATP which is needed to maintain ATP production through glycolysis
What occurs after ATP’s production through glycolysis?
Lactate accumulation and muscle fatigue occurs
What is repaid when exercise is complete?
The oxygen debt
After the oxygen debt is repaid, what does respiration provide?
The energy to convert lactate back to pyruvate and glucose in the liver
What happens to the reformed pyruvate?
It can proceed through the citric acid cycle and glucose can enter glycolysis
What are the 2 different types of skeletal muscle fibres?
Slow twitch and fast twitch
What is the speed of contraction for slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres
Slow twitch - Slowly Fast twitch - Quickly
What is the length of contraction for slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres
Slow twitch - Long Fast Twitch - Short
What is the myoglobin concentration for slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres
Slow twitch - High Fast twitch - Absent
What is the respiratory pathway used to generate ATP for slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres
Slow twitch - Aerobic respiration Fast twitch - Anaerobic respiration
What is the number of mitochondria for slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres
Slow twitch - Many Fast twitch - Few
What is the major storage fuel used for slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres
Slow twitch - Fats Fast twitch - Glycogen
What is the type or activity for slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres
Slow twitch - Endurance, marathons, cross country skiing Fast twitch - Sprinting and weightlifting