Medicinal Chemistry

How the drug effects the body ADME

How the body effects the drug

It’s a chemical compound that is not active and requires modifications to become a usable drug in many years time. It’s toxic dose is well above its therapeutic dose which means it has many side effects

Natural Semi synthesis Fully synthetic

These are drugs which are directly extracted from a natural source eg a plant

This is when part of the natural source is synthetically modified

This allows you to inspire a new drug and make modifications so the natural drug is better

These are drugs that are entirely produced by chemical synthesis

Taxol is a semi synthetic drug which naturally comes from yew trees, however scientists are using yeast cells instead of plant cells as they replicate faster

Aspirin a fully synthetic drug as it comes form salicylic acid with a acetyl group

They both are fully synthetic

Morphine is a natural drug as it comes from opium poppies as it’s grown as a crop and extracted

This is semi synthetic as its extracted from the horse urine of pregnant female horses

They are polymers of 3 or more amino acids joined by an amide bond by condensation reaction. They are synthesised through the translation of RNA and can be described as peptides, polypeptides and proteins which can be done automatically or manually . Amino acid has backbones and residues

Ion channels Enzymes Receptors Nuclear receptors

Receptors are proteins usually on the cell surface membrane of a cell. The drug receptor interactions takes seconds

The drug enzyme reaction usually takes minutes and is normally an inhibition of a molecule

This process usually takes hours as the receptors are within the cells in the nucleus

They take milliseconds for a drug to interact

They are drawn skeletally as they are tetrahedral with an angle of 109 not square planar which metals are. And use dashed lines for functional groups

They allow binding interactions

They ensure that the structure is stable and rigid

This the number and order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain joined by condensation reaction forming an amide bond which have backbones and residues

Folding of the chain of amino acids forming either alpha helix or beta plated sheets with many weak hydrogen bonds