Midterm II Overview
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_____ enables lakes to have chemical profiles that vary through their depth
stratification
T/F 1. Oxygen regulates many other chemical constituents 2. Biological processes regulate oxygen concentration with depth, and physical processes have a minimal impact
• true • false: physical and bio processes come together to regulate it
Denitrification= __–> ___–> ____
NO3 –> N2O –> N2
Fe3+ reduction gives what product?
Fe2+
Sulfate reduction gives what product?
SO4 –> S2-
Does oxygen regulate the redox profile of a lake?
Yes!
Differences in redox allow iron and sulfur to regulate _____ concentrations in lakes
phosphorus
What will happen to primary productivity in a lake if there’s an increase in total phosphorus?
It will also increase
What might you find in a lake that has higher [P] relative to [N]?
high microcystin concentration ie toxic algae bloom cause by high [P] relative to [N]
____ status is an important regulator of bio-available nitrogen
redox
T/F Basic chemical cycles do not change in stream systems (compared to lakes)
true However, directionality of flow must be considered, and interfaces become much more important
_____ zones are important regulators of material entering streams. What do they do?
Riparian - nutrient/ sediment retention - nutrient uptake - nutrient transformations (chem/ bio)
_____ length is an indicator of the health of a given stream reach & downstream impact
spiral
hyporheic zones are the flowing water equivalent of the _____
hypolimnion
Give 3 important chemical processes that occur in the hyporheic zone
• dissolved organic carbon decomposition in the absence of production • O2 drawdown • nutrient transformations that are particularly important for the N cycle
At high pH (basic) which inorganic C form is mainly present?
CO3 2-
At low pH (acidic) which inorganic C form is mainly present?
CO2 (H2CO3) switches between
At neutral pH, which inorganic C form is mainly present?
HCO3-