Chapter 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
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define matter
anything that has mass or occupies space
what are the two classifications of matter
pure substances mixtures
define chemistry
the study of matter, the structure and behavior
what are the things that define the property of matter
descriptions, observations, or measurements of matter
what are two types of properties
extensive intensive
explain what it means to be an intensive property of matter provide example think salt
observations, measurements, or descriptions that do not depend on the quantity of the substance example: salt is white. the fact that salt is white does not depend on the quantity of the salt
explain what it means to be an extensive property of matter provide example
observations, descriptions, or measurements dependent on the quantity of the substance example: mass and volume. if the salt weighs 3.5g, the property is dependent on the quantity
often, is the quantity resulting from the ratio of two extensive properties intensive or extensive
intensive
what is a mixture
two or more substances mixed together and can have different proportions of its ingredients
what is a chemical substance provide example
matter that has only one possible composition, always has the same percentages of its components example: table salt
what is a heterogeneous mixture
two or more components can be seen. examples: oil and water, salt and pepper
what is a homogeneous mixture provide example
when a mixture looks like a single substance example: salt water
in a mixture, do individual substances keep their own identity?
yes
in a mixture, do any chemical processes or modifications occur?
no
from a mixture, can you recover any of the starting material in tact?
yes
explain what a pure substance is
something that has a fixed, constant composition
what are the two classifications of pure substances
elements compounds
define a compound
substance that is made of two or more other substances have a fixed composition usually look different from their components difficult to separate into their individual components
define elements
a pure substance that cannot be changed or broken down into anything else
define atom
the smallest part of an element that cannot be broken down any further
what does the atomic mass unit (amu) of an atom describe
describes the mass of an atom
what is the expression in scientific notation of how many amus equal grams
6.022 x 10^23 amu
what is a subatomic particle
a particle that atoms are made of
what are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom
proton neutron electron