biology

basic organic molecules that combine to form proteins

animal composed of only one cell that has no fixed shape, the best known of the single-celled animals (protozoa); often used to refer to something with an indefinite, changeable shape

vertebrate animals that live part of their life cycle in the water and the other part on land, first land-dwelling animals to evolve

a phylum of the animal kingdom, animals with jointed legs and segmented bodies (insects, spiders, centipedes, crustaceans), more species of these than any other phlyum

extinct genus of the hominid family that lived in Africa 1-3 million years ago, ancestors of modern humans, Lucy was a member of this genus, name means “southern ape”

scientific name was changed from Brontosaurus to this

the material in a cell that is not contained in the nucleus or other organelles

a reproductive cell having a single set of chromosomes (i.e. a sperm or egg)

cell which has not differentiated yet, can develop into either a certain group of cells (adult type) or any cell (embryonic type), controversial because to extract embryonic stem cell you must kill the existing human embryo (upsets pro-life)

sperm + egg = ___, which then divides into a multicelled structure and implants in the womb growing into an embryo

embryo that has all major body structures formed, this stage is reached about 60 days after fertilization

part of a flower that contains the female reproductive parts (center thick stalk), consists of the stigma, style, and ovary, when fertilized with pollen it develops into fruit

part of a flower that contains the male reproductive parts (thin outer stalks), consists of a filmant and anther

part of a flower that pollen grains are grown, at the end of a stamen

plantlike organisms (but separate kingdom than plants) that get their nutrients from other living things (or things that have died) rather than photosynthesis

biological family that includes Homo sapiens (the only surviving species), Neanderthals, Australopithecus, Home erectus, and Homo habilis

the genus that human beings belong, also includes Neanderthals and other hominids

means “in the laboratory”, usually refers to producing human embryos

means “in nature”, distinguished from in vitro (in the lab)

18th Swedish biologist who created the Kingdom classification system used to classify living things, wrote “Systema Natura”

cell division which produces four “daughter” cells, each with HALF (23) the chromosomes of the parent, sex cells (sperm and ova) are produced this way and only combine upon fertilization to produce the full number of genes

cell division into two identical “daughter” cells, each with identical number (46) of chromosomes as the parent, most cells in the human body (and all single-celled organisms) use this method to reproduce

type of chemical that carries signals from one nerve cell to another, Prozac and alcohol affect the emission and reception of these, dopamine is one

single-celled animals (e.g. amoebas or plankton) that are the most primitive form of animal life, means “first animal”, most use asexual reproduction