Ionic Bonding
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How are ions formed in basic terms? An ion is a charged atom
• When an atom gains electrons (and becomes an anion) Or • When an atom loses electrons (and becomes a cation)
What happens in ionic bonding?
• A non-metal and a metal chemically bond together • The metal donates the electrons on its outer shell to the non-metal, achieving an outer shell on both atoms (this is the most stable state, so is what atoms are trying to achieve) • The attraction between the positive and negative ions formed hold the ionic compound formed together Metals only have a few electrons in their outershell, and non-metals have many, so this is why non-metals lose electrons and become anions, and metals gain electrons and become cations
How might you draw an ionic dot and cross diagram?
• Draw the two atoms with their electron shells in their normal states • Then draw the atoms next to eachother with the transferred electrons, both of the atoms should have full outer shells
What charge do ions of group 1 metals (alkali metals) have?
1+
What charge do ions of group 2 metals have?
2+
What charge do ions of group 3 metals have?
3+
What charge do ions of group 5 metals have?
3-
What charge do ions of group 6 metals have?
2-
What charge do ions of group 7 metals have?
1-
What is the formula and charge of a silver ion?
Ag⁺
What is the formula and charge of a copper (II) ion?
Cu²⁺
What is the formula and charge of an iron (II) ion?
Fe²⁺
What is the formula and charge of an iron (III) ion?
Fe³⁺
What is the formula and charge of a lead ion?
Pb²⁺
What is the formula and charge of a zinc ion?
Zn²⁺
What is the formula and charge of a hydrogen ion?
H⁺
What is the formula and charge of an ammonium ion?
NH₄⁺ Ammonium is the ion formed when ammonia is part of an ionic compound
What is the formula and charge of a hydroxide ion?
OH⁻
What is the formula and charge of a carbonate ion?
CO₃²⁻
What is the formula and charge of a nitrate ion?
NO₃⁻
What is the formula and charge of a sulphate ion?
SO₄²⁻
What must the charge of ionic compounds be?
+0
What holds the ions together in ionic compounds?
Strong intramolecular electrostatic forces between the positive and the negative ions
What structure do the ions in an ionic compound form?
Giant lattice structure