5.2 Natural Selection
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Natural Selection
Natural selection is a response to these conditions: There is genetic (inheritable variation within a population (caused by mutations, meiosis, and sexual reproduction) There is competition for survival (species tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support). Environmental selection pressures give rise to different rates of production. Organism with beneficial traits are more likely to reproduce. Over generations, these beneficial traits have become more common (evolution= a change in allele frequency in a gene pool)
Key components to the process of natural selection are
ICE AGE Inherited Variation Competition Environmental Selection Adaptations Genotype frequency changes Evolution occurs.
Examples of environmental selection pressures include:
PANDAS Predator/ prey dynamics Abiotic factores (e.g Climate) Nutrient supply (food source) Diseases/ pathogens Available resources (e.g Light) Space requirements (habitat)
Adaptations
Adaptations are traits that make an individual suited to its environment and way of life. - Adaptations can structural, behavioral, physiological, biochemical or developmental. Adaptive Radiation is when one species is spread out over different niches and causes rapid diversification of the original ancestral line. (Finches on Daphne Major)
Examples of evolution
Certain types of bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance. Pepper moths and the industrial revolution of England. (lichens)