Chapter 2- Basic Components Of Living Systems
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What are the two light microscope lenses called?
Objective lens Eye piece lens
Different sample preparations
Dry mount-cut into thin slices,placed on a solid and a cover slip is placed over it Wet mount-specimens are suspended in water.A coverslip is placed on at a angle
What is differential staining
Helps distinguish between two types of organisms which otherwise would be hard to identify
Microscope equation
Image size=actually size x magnification
Magnification definition
How many times larger it is than the true size
Resolution definition
The ability to clearly distinguish between two objects
Nucleus function
Contains coded genetic information in the form of DNA molecules, contained within a double membrane known as nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Area within a nucleus and is responsible for producing ribosomes. Composed of proteins and RNA. RNA is used to produce ribosomal RNA which is then combined with proteins to form ribosomes
Mitochondria function
Site of final stages of aerobic respiration
Vehicles function
Have storage and transport roles. Used to transport materials inside the cell
Lysosomes function
Specialised form of vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes, responsible for breaking down waste material
Cytoskeleton function
Has three components Microfilaments-contractile fibres formed from protein actin,responsible for cell movement Microtubles-scaffold like structure, act as tracks for movement Intermediate fibres-gives mechanical strength to cell Centrioles composed of microtubles
Flagella function
Enables cell movement
Cilia function
Beats in a rhythmitic manor
ER function
Flattened sacs made up off: SER,RER
SER function
Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis, and storage
RER function
Ribosomes bound to surface, responsible for proteins
Ribosomes function
Site of protein synthesis
Golgi apparatus function
Modifying protiens and packaging them into vesicles
Protein production
• Proteins are synthesised on ribosomes bound to ER • They then pass into its cisterane and are packaged into vesicles • Vesicles contains the newly synthesised proteins move towards Golgi apparatus • Vesicles fuse with face of Golgi and proteins enter. The proteins are structurally modified before leaning Golgi apparatus in vesicles from trans face. • Vesicles move towards and fuse with cell surface membrane releasing contents by exocytosis
What features in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells
Nucleus No linear DNA instead circular No membrane bound organelles Smaller ribosomes