C3 structure and bonding
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what are the 3 types of bonding
covalent ionic and metallic
what is ionic bonding
compounds formed from metals combined with non-metals.
what is covalent bonding
two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons
what is metallic bonding
the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
what happens in ionic bonding
transfer of electron to the outer shell both atoms become ions because they have full outer shells the ions are oppositely charges which attract each other by electrostatic forces to form an ionic compound
what is an ionic compound
a giant structure of ions
how are ionic compounds held together
strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions these forces act in all directions in the lattice and this is called ionic bonding
what are some of the properties of ionic compounds
high melting and boiling points do not conduct electricity when solid because the ions cannot move do not conduct electricity when molten
what structures have giant covalent bonding
diamond graphite and silicon
what is an intermolecular force
forces of attraction between the molecules
what are the 3 states of matter
solid liquid and gas
how much energy is needed to change state
The amount of energy needed to change state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas depends on the strength of the forces between the particles of the substance
state the 3 limitations of the particle model
the forces between the particles the volume of the particles the space between the particles
what does aqueous mean
dissolved in water
what happens when a substance changes state
the particle stay the same
how do solid particles move
they vibrate around fixed proportions
how do liquid particles move
flow around each other
how do gas particles move
very quickly in all directions
name 2 things a pure substance will do
melt and freeze at 1 specific temperature the melting point boil and condense at 1 specific temperature the boiling point
what is a polymer
large molecule made up of repeating subunits known as monomers
how are atoms arranged in pure metals
atoms are arranged in layers, which allows metals to be bent and shaped.
why are alloys harder than pure metals
in an alloy, there are atoms of different sizes. The smaller or bigger atoms distort the layers of atoms in the pure metal. This means that a greater force is required for the layers to slide over each other
why are metals good conductors of electricity
the delocalized electrons in the metal carry electrical charge through the metal.
why are metals good conductors of thermal energy
the delocalized electrons transfer the energy