Chapter 6 - Steven
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What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen.
If an organic compound contains elements other than carbon and hydrogen, is it a hydrocarbon?
No
What are carbohydrates?
Compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
What does the -ate part of carbohydrate show?
That it contains oxygen.
What does saturated mean?
The compound only contains single bonds.
What does unsaturated mean?
A compound containing 1 or more multiple bonds.
What is a multiple bond?
2 or more covalent bonds between 2 atoms.
Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?
Saturated
Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?
Unsaturated
What is an organic compound?
A compound containing carbon
What is the displayed formulae?
Formula which shows every atom and every bond separately.
What is the structural formulae?
Formula where you do not show the individual atoms (e.g CH3 - CH2 - CH3)
What is the skeletal formulae?
Formula that shows the only bonds between the carbon atoms. Every change in direction means there is a new carbon atom.
What is the molecular formulae?
They only show how many atoms there are in the whole compound.
What is the empirical formulae?
The simplest ratio of atoms.
When the numbers in the molecular formula cannot be simplified, what does it tell you?
The molecular formula and empirical formula are identical.
What is a functional group?
An atom or group of atoms in a molecule that is responsible for its chemical reactions.
What is a homologous group?
A family of compounds with the same functional group, which differ in formula by CH2 each time.
In a homologous group, what does each compound increase by in terms of Carbons and Hydrogens?
CH2
Do alkanes have a functional group?
No
Do alkanes form a homologous series?
Yes
What is the general formula of alkanes?
CH2+2
What is the functional group of alkenes?
The carbon=carbon double bond
What is the general formula of halogenoalkanes?
CnH2n+1X