1.4.1 Fern allies
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What two plants families are included in the phyllum lycopodiophyta
lycophytes and club mosses
what plants are in the phylla Pteridophyta?
whisk ferns and horse tails
characteristics of fern allies (4)
• they reproduce by spores and have two generations • they have dominant sporophyte and a small free living gametophyte • they need water for sperm to fertilize egg • conducting tissue
what is a microphyll?
a leaf with a single, unbranched vein
two characteristics of club mosses
true microphylls megagametophyte (female) and microgametophyte (male)
what is a gametophyte?
the cycle of the plant that produces the zygote from which the spore arises
what is a living group of the lycophytes?
club mosses
For this phyla, the life cycle is homosporous
lycopodium
for this group, the life cycle is heterosporous. what are the two spores called, and what is there gender?
Selaginella megaspore (female) and microspore (male)
what is the latin name for ferns?
pteridophyta
recent molecular evidence has put what two primitive groups of plants in with ferns?
horsetails and psilotum
what is a limiting factors for fern expansion
they need to stay in wet environments because they need water to reproduce
what is the life cycle of the fern?
dominant sporophyte and free living gametophyte
define the psilotum (2 points)
used as an example of what early plants looked like, but actually devolved from ferns 2. lack both leaves and roots
define horsetails (3 points)
• “Dominated caboniferous forests 300 mills” • segmented stems with silica • only one genus survives today, the Equisetum.
What is a megaphyll?
a leaf that has more than one vein or vascular trace. They are found on ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms