Animal systems UNIT TEST
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what is the main function of the respiratory system
Breathing- moving air in and out of lungs Gas exchange- exchange of taking in oxygen and letting out carbon dioxide as waste products
Human respiration can be divided into four main stages please name them
1.Breathing (ventilation) 2.External respiration 3.Internal respiration 4.Cellular respiration
in the human respiratory system what is the stage breathing
-involves two process - inhalation (breathing in) - exhalation (breathing out) -(air in and out of lungs)
in the human respiratory system what is the stage external respiration
-The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the inspired air inside the lungs and the blood
in the human respiratory system what is the stage internal respiration
-The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body’s tissue cells -relies on the diffusion of gases from areas of high concentration to low concentration
in the human respiratory system what is the stage cellular respiration
chemical reactions in the mitochondria which creates cellular energy (ATP)
what is the cellular respiration formula
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6 H20 + ATP
what are the two main requirements for respiration
• respiratory surface: a very thin and moist membrane for gas diffusion 2.Large surface area to maximize diffusion
what is the difference between ventilation and respiration
ventilation–> the movement of air into and out of the lungs (breathing) Respiration–> the chemical process in cells that releases energy from food usually glucose
what is the structure/ function of the nasal cavity?
-Nose is made up of cartilage and bone -opening is nostrils -as air enters nasal cavity it is warmed (by capillaries), filtered (by cilia, and nose hair), and moistened by mucus
what is the structure/ function of the pharynx?
-also known as your throat -funnel shaped -common passage way for food and air -connects nasal cavity and oral cavity
what is the structure/ function of the epiglottis
-flap of tissue that covers opening of the trachea when swallowing -prevents chocking
what is the structure/ function of the larynx
-enlarged box like structure -also known as the “voice box” -vocal cord membranes vibrate to produce sound
what is the structure/ function of the trachea
-tube made up of cartilage rings -windpipe -carries air from throat to lungs -cartilage rings prevent trachea from collapsing
what is the structure/ function of the bronchi
-trachea divides into two bronchi that enter left and right lung -bronchi has cartilage rings for support -lined with ciliated cells & goblet cells that secrete mucus
what is the structure/ function of the bronchioles
-bronchi further divided into bronchioles -brings oxygen rich air to the alveoli
what is the structure/ function of the alveoli
-site of gas exchange -grape-like structure at end of bronchioles -increase surface area -covered in capillaries
what is the structure/ function of the pleural membrane
-2 membranous sacs -encloses and protects the lungs
what is the structure/ function of the diaphragm
-Dome-shaped muscle used in mechanics of breathing -inhalation and exhalation -separates thoracic and abdominal cavity
what is carbohydrates made of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen CH2O always the same proportion
what is the main function of carbohydrates
-Major source of energy
what happens if you digest too many carbohydrates
fat molecules form
what are the two main types of carbohydrates
simple carbohydrates- momsacchardies Complex carbohydrates- polysaccharides
what are some examples of carbs
starch -potato -bread -pasta