biotech and genetic modification
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biotechnology
the exploitation of biological processes by humans for industrial and other purposes - Example. Lactase used to produce lactose-free milk
genetic engineering
involves changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes
Why are bacteria useful in biotechnology?
they reproduce rapidly and can make complex compounds
Main steps in genetic modification:
• Isolating the section of DNA that makes up the required human gene. • Cutting the DNA of a bacterial plasmid . • Inserting the human DNA into the plasmid DNA. • Inserting the plasmid into bacteria. • Allowing the genetically modified bacteria to express the gene and make the human protein.