COGS 154 Midterm
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what is communication
Exchanging meaning (information) between sender and receiver intentional: what you mean to say unintentional: what gets communicated (facial/body lang)
what is communication
Exchanging meaning (information) between sender and receiver
What is a communication disorder
an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbol systems may be evident in the process of hearing, language, and/or speech may result in a primary disability or it may be secondary to other disabilities
impairment
loss or abnormality of a psychological, physiological, or anatomic structure or function
disability
reduced competence in meeting needs of daily living
handicap
social, educational, or occupational disadvantae due to impairment or disability
What is a communication disorder
an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbol systems. Any communication structure or function that is diminished to a significant degree may be evident in the process of hearing, language, and/or speech may result in a primary disability or it may be secondary to other disabilities
handicap
social, edicational, or occupational disadvantage, due to impairment or disability
Types of communication disorders
organic (physical cause) functional (no physical cause can be found) developmental acquired (after speech and language functions were fully developed)
what is speech
speech is the verbal means of communicating. consists of : articulation voice fluency other elements of speech: (Always Be Very Aware) Auditory Breathing Voicing Articulation
articulation
how speech sounds are made (rabbit vs wabbit)
voice
use of the vocal folds and breathing to produce sounds the voice can be abused from overuse or misuse and can lead to hoarseness or loss of voice
Fluency
the rhythm of speech (hesitations or stuttering can affect fluency)
Fluency
the rhythm of speech (hesitations or stuttering can affect fluency)
“Always Be Very Aware of your body mechanics when you talk”
Auditory Breathing Voicing Articulation
What is language
words and sentences used to represent objects, thoughts, and feelings. A standardized set of symbols and knowledge about how to combine those symbols into words, sentences, and tests to convey ideas and feelings. it is made up of socially shared rules that include: what words mean how to make new words how to put words together what word combinations are best in what situations
Language Disorder
difficulty understanding or using language can be: developmental acquired dementia
building blocks of language
content form use
language Form
phonology (study of sounds) morphology (organization of sounds) syntax (rules and conventions for organizing word order–grammar)
Language Content
semantics (meaning or representation of objects, ideas, feelings, etc. lexicon: mental dictionary of words
Language Use
pragmatics: social-linguistic conventions or social rules of lang
Structure of language: “Preferably Language Gets Set-up Properly” and if it does, it has all of the following elements functioning efficiently and accurately
Phonology Lexicon Grammar Semantics Pragmatics
Types of Neurons
Sensory (afferent) Motor (efferent) Interneurons Neurotransmitters
Sensory Neurons
Afferent neurons send info from sensory receptors TOWARDS the central nervous system