Boreal Forest Intro
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At times, the boreal forest is a major __ of carbon, but at other times, it’s a major ___ (it depends on the ___)
sink source season
Although the boreal forest stores a lot of C, it releases it in the __ and ___ via respiration and ____. However, there’s net ___
spring and fall decomp storage
t/f boreal forests have a high C loss to respiration than most other forest types
true
Instead of the forest advancing northward with global warming, there are areas where the treeline may be forced ___ due to increased ____ _____ (____)
southwards bog growth paludification
The continuous boreal forest in Canada isn’t very continuous anymore due to: (list 4 possible reasons)
wildfires forestry agriculture invasive species
pine refuged in the ___ at the last glacial maximum, so moved ____ as the glaciers retreated
south northward
___ and ___ refuged in both the N and S at the last glacial maximum, so they could ___ from both directions as glaciers retreated
spruce and birch colonize
What are the dominant boreal forest trees? - 4 conifers - 2 deciduous
Conifers: - spruce - fir - pine - larch Deciduous: - birch - aspen/ poplar
___ ___ and __ ____ dominate in the boreal forest (especially the latter- why?
jack pine black spruce spruce most abundant b/c high moisture= they do well
White spruce are ____ of stagnant water and ___ of shade
intolerant shade-tolerant
conifers= ___wood deciduous= ___wood
soft hard
Black spruce ___ moist soil and shade, but they’re vulnerable to ___ because of their ___ roots
tolerate wind shallow
Jack pine are found __ of the rockies, and grow on ___, ___ soils • shade ___
east sandy, thin soil intolerant (but more tolerant than aspen/ birch/ tamarack)
Lodgepole pine are found ___ of the rockies, and grow in well-drained, ___ ___ soil shade___ and depend on ___ for seed dispersal
west sandy loam soil tolerant fire
What’s the concern with jack pine/ lodgepole pine hybrids?
these hybrids may allow pine beetles to spread from lodgepole pine to jack pine *hybrids are in the middle (rockies)
Tamarack are ___(coniferous/ deciduous) and live in __ organic soils Shade___
deciduous wet/moist intolerant
___ are shade intolerant and are usually the first to colonize after a fire (then succeeded by other species)
birch
trembling aspen tolerate a __ range of conditions but are shade ___ They’re a ___ species
wide intolerant pioneer
___ ___ are a shade intolerant pioneer species (of middle/ lower elevation) & they’re the source of the white fuzz in the air (seeds)
balsam poplar
List at least 4 (max 8) types of birds found in the boreal forest
• great horned owl • boreal owl • great gray owl • goshawk • spruce grouse • ruffed grouse • dark-eyed junco • yellow-rumped warbler
t/f birds in the arctic usually live there year-round
false most are migratory and live there for the summer - good location for breeding, not for food - usually don’t have coping mechanisms for the cold
Give some examples of mammals that could be found in the boreal forest
• moose • lynx • caribou • wolves • grizzly bears • red fox • snowshoe hares • coyotes • wolverine • red squirrels
the mammals of the boreal forest may ___, but not far, meaning they have coping mechanisms for the ____
migrate cold