Wk 4 - Functions Gastrointestinal System
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The 6 functions of the gastrointestinal system: • I? (Oral cavity) • S? (Pancreas/liver/stomach) • Mixing and p? (Stomach) • D? (Stomach) • A? (Small intestine) • D? (Large intestine)
Ingestion Secretion Propulsion Digestion Absorption Defacation
The stomach: Oblique/circular/longitudinal smooth muscles create mixing waves = ? P? and hydrochloric ? released by cells ? mixed in the body of stomach and pylorus
Peristalsis Pepsinogen , acid Chyme
Stomach: Pepsin = breaks down p? Lipase= breaks down Tri? (fat) The stomach is not designed for absorption
Protein Triglyceride
Role of the liver: Synthesis and release of b? breaks down l? This makes more effective absorption in the ? B? is created in the liver but stored in the g? B? 1L B produced/day
Bile, lipids Small intestine Bile, gall bladder Bile
Role of the pancreas: The pancreas produces and s? d? E? These aid in digestion and increases the ph of the c? for small intestine absorption. Pancreatic juice = buffers/enzymes to help digestion (a?l?p?n?) 1-1.5 litres produced ?
Secrets, digestive enzymes Chyme Amylase lipase protease nucleases Daily
Small intestine: -0% of absorption occurs here Nutrients is transferred to b? and l? Larger molecules/lipids pass through l? to allow passage into b? and l? Small molecules pass through capillaries
90% Blood , lymph Lacteals Bloody , lymph
Intestinal absorption in the simplest/singular forms Only the singular forms are absorbed * Carbs ~ ? Proteins ~? Lipids~ free ? Large triglycerides pass through ? in v? to enter into blood via the l? system.
Monosaccharide Amino acid Free fatty acids Lacteals , villi , lymphatic system
Intestinal absorption: Proteins = absorbed into epithelial cells as amino acids ?peptides and ?peptides. Transferred to blood as ?
Dipeotides, tripeptides , amino acids
Intestinal absorption: Lipids= pass into epithelial cells. Large triglycerides form ch? and pass into ? in villi and then into the lymphatic system and blood.
Chylomicrons , lacteals
Large intestine: Absorption of ? not nutrients ~ around ?00ml daily Absorption of ? and vitamin b/k Converts watery chyme to semi solid faeces.
Water ,900 Electrolytes
Nutrients absorbed in blood: Pancreas~ Produces digestive ? and pancreatic ? Amylase (?) lipase (?) protease (?) nucleases (?) These ? breakdown macromolecules to m? for absorption
Enzymes, juice Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids Enzymes , monomers
Nutrients absorbed in blood: Liver~ Releases ? Breaks down ? = lipases work more effectively for absorption All monomers transferred to blood and lymph via absorbed into epithelial cells in the ?
Bile Lipids Small intestine