skeletal and muscular system

shape and support movement protection blood production

long, short, irregular, flat

skeleton forms frame for muscles to attach and organs to sit. flat bones best for muscle attachment

muscles attached to skeleton by tendons. when muscle contracts, pull on bones, creating movement at joint (lever)

protect soft, delicate vital organs

centre of some large bones contains red bone marrow, which creates red blood cells

act as levers to produce a wide range of motion

provide stability and support, with little movement

provide a large surface area for muscles to attach to. they also provide protection for vital organs

provide protection and support. shaped to suit specific role

fixed/immovable slightly movable/cartilaginous freely movable/synovial

fibrous joint, no movement possible

can produce a large ROM but are more susceptible to injury

can move a small amount as they are linked together by ligaments and cartilage

secretes synovial fluid to keep joint lubricated

acts as a lubricant that reduces friction. allows for smoother movement and reduces wear and tear

• seals joint • provides stability • surrounds and protects joint, holding bones together

connects bone to bone, stabilising joint

acts as a shock absorber/cushion, reduces friction

connect muscle to bone, allows movement to occur. enables joint to withstand tension

ball and socket, hinge

only allow movement in 1 plane (flexion/extension). more stable, less injury prone

one bone has bulge/ball that fits into a socket in the other bone. allow movement in 3 planes. less stable, more injury prone

flexion, extension abduction, adduction dorsiflexion, plantarflexion rotation circumduction