Unit 4 Hydrosphere
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What is an excessive amount of water flowing downslope along Earth’s surface?
runoff
What is the name of all of the land area whose water drains into a stream system?
Water shed or drainage basin
What is a depression in the landscape that collects and holds water?
surface body
What is a periodically saturated area that develops after a lake fills in with vegetation?
estuary/wetland
What is precipitation that falls on the land and enters the ground?
ground water
What are the three zones for water beneath the surface?
Zone of Aeration Water Table Some of Aeration
Zone of Aeration
Zone below the surface, but above the zone of saturation, where materials are moist
Water table
Upper boundary of the zone of saturation, underneath the zone of aeration
Zone of saturation
Depth below Earth’s surface at which groundwater completely fills all the pores of a material
Aquifer
Permeable layers through which groundwater flows
Permeability
ability of a material to let water pass through it
What are somethings runoff can be influenced by
-soil content -vegetation -human settlement
How does vegetation affect runoff?
Vegetation=less runoff -vegetation can absorb water -vegetation can block water from traveling
What are somethings vegetation can transport?
sediments, acids, fertilizers, pollutants, and nutrients
Watershed
a drainage basin where converges and collects in a surface body
percolation
water traveling downward
How do you measure water quality?
Chemical analysis and Indicator species
What is an indicator species?
an organism whose presence, absence or abundance reflects a specific environmental condition
What is a point source? Non-point source?
Point source- specific site of discharge Non-point source- large area of discharge
What is BOD?
Biological oxygen demand
What is DO?
Amount of oxygen dissolved in water
What is porosity?
% of open spaces in rock or sediment
What is permeability?
ability of material to let water through
What are some examples of water pollution?
-nutrient pollution (agricultural runoff) -surface water pollution -ground water pollution -microbiological/bacterial pollution -oxygen depletion pollution