Chapter 17
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How does mass spectometry work?
1) organic compound placed in mass spectometer 2) organic compound loses electron + forms positive ion 3) mass spectometer detects mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 4) gives molecular mass
How do you find molecular mass from a mass spectrum?
locate molecular ion peak - clear peak at highest m/z value on right-hand side
What does the simplest fragmentation break a molecular ion into?
positively charged fragment ion + radical
number of carbon atoms =
(height of M+1 peak / height of M peak) x 100
What does the amount a bond stretches/bends depend on?
1) mass of atoms in bond - heavier atoms vibrate slower than lighter atoms 2) strength of bond - stronger bonds vibrate faster than weaker bonds
How does infrared spectroscopy work?
1) sample placed inside IR spectrometer 2) beam of radiation passed through sample 3) molecule absorbs some IR frequencies + emerging beam of radiation is analysed to identify frequencies absorbed by sample 4) IR spectrometer connected to computer that plots graph of transmittance against wavenumber