Week 6: Integumentary
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What are the 3 layer of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
What are the 6 main functions of the skin?
• protection • regulation of body temp • formation of vitamin D • cutaneous sensation • absorption • excretion
What does skin protect against?
• temp and humidity • disease • UV rays • pressure, blows and abrasion • chemical substances
What is the optimal body temp for enzymes?
Constant around 36.8°C
When metabolic rate increases wha happens to body temp?
Increases
Where does most heat loss occur through?
The skin
What are mechanisms of heat loss?
• radiation • evaporation • conduction • convection
Define radiation
Heat away from the body
Define evaporation
When the body is called, body heat converts the water in sweat to water vapour
Define conduction
When clothes and other objects in direct contact with the skin take up heat
Define convection
Air passing over the boy, raising heat off the surface of the skin, this also has a cooling effect
What are processes done by the body when its too hot?
• vasodilation • sweating • pilorelaxation • stretching out
What are processes done by the body when its too cold?
• vasoconstriction • shivering • piloerection • curling up
Define vasodilation
Arterioles dilate so more blood enters skin capillaries so heat is lost
Define sweating
Sudorific glands secrete sweat which removes heat when water changes state
Define pilorelaxation
Hairs flattening
Define stretching out
Opening up the body to a larger surface area
Define vasoconstriction
Arterioles get smaller to reduce blood going to the skin, keeping the core warm
Define shivering
Rapid contraction and relaxing of skeletal muscles, producing heat via respiration
Define curling up
Making yourself smaller so smaller surface area
Define piloerection
Hairs standing up on the skin
What does cutaneous sensation lead to?
Being sensitive to - temp - pain - pressure - touch
What is cutaneous sensation felt by?
Sensory receptors
What is skin absorption?
The route by which substances can enter the body through the skin