Document analysis
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Who is responsible for the acceptance of document analysis as scientific evidence in court?
Albert S. Osborn
Forensic document examiner determines the source or authenticity of documents such as:
1- wills 2- company's book 3- altered checks 4- lottery tickets 5- medical malpractice 6- art forgeries
Forensic document examiner examines documents and other written/printed materials to determine:
authenticity age authorship alterations age and source of paper/ink
Forensic examiners will compare _____ (4) and expose _____ or _____ writing.
handwriting, signature, typewritten or photocopied damaged or obliterated
An individuals writing is _____, ______ and ______.
personal, unique and automatic/unconscious
true or false: an individual always writes the exam same way. Explan.
False never write the exact same way twice
Handwriting is affected by many factors, name 3:
Positions: desk or wall writing instrument time (changes as you age)
Who is responsible for determining the writer’s personality type? Is it accepted in FS?
graphologist no
What is the name given to a document whose authenticity is questioned?
questioned document
What is a standard?
writing sample
What is needed to perform an analysis?
several standards
The writing sample would ideally have been written:
1- the approximate same time as the questioned document 2- similar type of paper 3- the similar writing instrument
What is the name of a sample that already exists?
nonrequested sample
What is the name of a sample that is asked of a suspect? What are the 5 things that must be done in this case?
requested sample similar writing instrument similar paper words found on the questioned document( dictation) words written in cursive/not depending on questioned document upper and lower case letters
What are the advantages of a requested writing sample?
authenticity and authorship are established automatically
What are the disadvantages of requested writing samples?
changes can be done in the writing because of nervousness or on purpose to alter.
When comparing the overall form of the letters, what are we comparing? 5
size shape slant proportion beginning and ending stroke
When comparing the line features, what are we comparing? 5
writing speed fluidity amount of pen pressure spacing between letters and words how are letters connected
When comparing the margins and format, what are we comparing? 4
width of the margins consistency of the spacing slant between lines overall form and layout of the document
When comparing the content, what are we comparing? How does this help us?
grammar punctuation word-choice Help find consistent errors, repeated phrases: ethnicity and education
What are the 2 handwriting databases?
FBI and FISH (forensic information system for handwriting)
What is a forgery? What is the role of the forensic document examiner v. judge or jury in a case like this?
intent to alter or writing a document to defraud. FDE= determining if altered Judge jury= intent
What are the 3 most common methods of forgery?
1- freehand simulation (copy) 2- Tracing (Décalquer) 3- disguised writing (camouflage or change writing)
Instruments used for document examination? 6
microscopes digital imaging instrumentation infrared ultraviolet light source ESDA analytical chemistry (ink)