Tests for ions
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What are the flame colours for the group 2 metal ions?
Ca2+ - orange/red Sr2+ - red Ba2+ - green
How would you test for ammonium ions?
Add dilute sodium hydroxide to the unknown solution and gently warm NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) –> NH3 (g) + H2O Result: ammonia gas is formed which will turn damp piece of red litmus blue
How would you test for sulfate ions?
Add dilute hydrochloric acid and barium hydroxide SO4 2- + Ba 2+ –> BaSO4 Result: a white ppt of barium sulfate formed
How would you test for hydroxide ions?
Dip a piece of red litmus paper into solution Result: will turn blue
How do you test for halide ions?
Add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution Result: precipitate formed. White = Cl- , cream = Br- , yellow = I- Silver chloride will dissolve in NH3 AgCl (s) + 2NH3 –> Ag(NH3)2+ + Cl-
How would you test for carbonate ions?
Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the solution Result: effervescence caused by CO2. Gas can be tested by bubbling through limewater which will turn milky