Structure and functions of living organisms - movement of substances in + out of cells
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What is diffusion
The movement of particles from a high concentration gradient down the concentration gradient to an area of lower concentration until they are evenly spread and the concentration is the same
What is osmosis
The movement of water particles from an area of high water potential to a lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane
What is Active Transport
Active transport is the movement of substances against the concentration gradient using ATP (energy) through a permeable membrane
What factors effect the rate of movement in and out of cells and why (for some)
Surface area to volume ratio (bigger = more) - more area to enter into Distance particle is travelling Concentration gradient temperature - give particles more kinetic energy so increases net movement
What does partially permeable mean
It only allows smaller particles such as water through but not larger molecules like starch or salt
What does a high water potential mean
A dilute solution. contains a high concentration of water molecules and is likely to move to equilibrate (low water potential is the opposite)
Practical: Investigate diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems
https://www.savemyexams.com/igcse/biology/edexcel/19/revision-notes/2-structure-and-function-in-living-organisms/movement-of-substances-into–out-of-cells/2-17-practical-investigating-diffusion–osmosis/