Bonding and structure - 2
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What are the 3 types of chemical bonds
Ionic Covalent Metallic
Define ionic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
Define covalent bonding
Electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei
Define metallic bonding
Electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the delocalised electrons
Why does giant ionic latices conduct when liquid but no when solid
Solid state the ions are in fixed positions and cannot move When in liquid the ions are free to move and can carry charge freely
Why do giant ionic structures have a high boiling/melting point
A large amount of energy is required to overcome the electrostatic bonds
What types of solvents dissolve ionic lattices
Polar solvents
Why are ionic compounds soluble in water
Water has polar bonds Hydrogen atoms have a + charge and oxygen has a - charge These can attract charged ions
what is a lone pair
Electrons in the outer shell that are not involved in bonding
What is average bond enthalpy
Measure of average energy needed to break the bond
What is a dative covalent bond
A bond where both of the shared electrons are supplied by one atom
What are the types of covalent structures
Simple molecular Giant covalent
Describe the bonding in simple molecular structures
Atoms are held by strong covalent bonds and different molecules are held by weak intermolecular forces
Why do simple molecular have low melting/boiling points
Small amounts of energy needed to overcome the intermolecular forces
Why do simple molecular structures not conduct electicity
They have no free charged particles to move
What solvents dissolve simple molecular substances
Non polar solvents
List 3 properties of giant covalent
High melting/boiling points Non conductors Insoluble in polar and non-polar
How doe graphite conduct electricity
Delocalised electrons present between the layers are able to move freely carrying the charge
Why do giant covalent structures have high melting/boiling points
Strong covalent bonds within the molecules need to be broken which requires a lot of energy
What does the shape of the molecule depend on
Number of electron pair in the outer shell Number of these electrons
What is the shape and bond angle in a shape with 2 bonded pairs and 0 lone pairs
Linear 180
What is the shape and bond angle in a shape with 3 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs
Trigonal planar 120
What is the shape and bond angle in a shape with 4 bonded pairs and 0 lone pairs
Tetrahedral 109.5
What is the shape and bond angle in a shape with with 5 bonded pairs and 0 lone pairs
Trigonal Bipyramid 90 and 120