MIDTERM LEC 2.2

Principle: It determines the components of a sample where the xaxis represents the mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio and the y-axis is their relative abundance within the sample.

It is based on the fragmentation and ionization of molecules using a suitable source of energy.

It separates diverse molecules from one another in the gas phase (gas-liquid chromatography) utilizing the so-called mass spectroscopy-mass spectroscopy (MS-MS) methodology

It is vital in structural identification and determination of molecular weight.

Uses: Detection and quantification of analytes in human fluids and tissues; utilized in proteomics, metabolomics, and toxicology: differentiates normal tissues from malignant tissues; quanti-assay of both therapeutic and illicit drugs; and drug development

Requirement: Before a compound can be detected and quantified by MS, it must be separated by GC

Advantage: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of complicated samples; in biomedical research

Basic components: Sample inlet, ion source, mass analyzer, and ion detector

Mass Spectrometry Samples:

It involves doing mass analysis twice while performing a dissociation process or a chemical reaction to change an ion’s mass or charge.

Determines two physical properties of the analytes: Precursor (parent source) and Product ion mass

It enhances specificity beyond molecular weight separation, gives clarification on complex structures, and assists in the identification of basic composition of the sample.

It is a procedure utilized in mass spectrometry (MS) for direct detection of the analytes in biofluid samples such as blood.

It is both applied in therapeutic drug monitoring and testing of illicit drugs.

It is also applied in cancer study and analysis of immunosuppressants.

Paper Spray Ionization Sample volume:

Paper Spray Ionization Substrate used:

Paper Spray Ionization Solvent:

It can be used in POCT especially in the analysis of drugs of abuse by utilizing “dried blood spot” sample.

Utilizes a charged solvent stream instead of a laser

It is a rapid analysis of drugs in biofluids even in dried blood spots.

It is also used in cancer biology specifically in the study of brain cancer markers.

The charged sample ions that is formed between the sample (blood or urine) and the charged solvent are determined by MS

Principle: It is basically the study of proteins in aid of disease diagnosis.